A company installs a fast, integrated IT system, but if they still use local efficiency measurements (e.g., “keep everyone busy”), the system will build excess inventory and cause delays.

And three sufficient conditions:

“If we implement this software, our problems will disappear.”

If you’ve searched for the phrase you are likely a Spanish-speaking student, consultant, or operations manager diving into the work of Eliyahu Goldratt — father of the Theory of Constraints (TOC). The book Necesario pero no suficiente is the Spanish translation of Necessary But Not Sufficient , published in 2000. The number “12” might point to a specific PDF version, page 12, chapter 12, or section 12 of the digital edition.

The story follows , the CEO of a software company (BGSoft), as he realizes that even though their software works perfectly, customers are not seeing the promised bottom-line improvements.

To understand Goldratt’s argument, we must revisit basic logic:

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