Neuroanatomy -

in the left frontal lobe specifically impairs speech production, while damage to the hippocampus prevents the formation of new memories. Conclusion

Consisting of all nerves outside the CNS , it acts as the communication lines between the brain and the body. It further splits into: Neuroanatomy

Moving rostrally (toward the head), the spinal cord thickens and becomes the brainstem. This is the most ancient part of the brain, evolutionarily speaking. It is divided into three regions: in the left frontal lobe specifically impairs speech

Neuroanatomy is easier to digest when we divide the nervous system into two hemispheres: The Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). This is the most ancient part of the

Comprising the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata, it manages autonomic functions essential for life, such as breathing, heart rate, and sleep cycles. The Spinal Cord:

A spinal cord injury on the left side may cause paralysis on the left (motor) but loss of pain sensation on the right (sensory) due to the different decussation patterns—a phenomenon known as Brown-Séquard syndrome .

Before ascending to the brain, one must look at the spinal cord. It is the caudal (tail-end) extension of the CNS. In cross-section, the spinal cord reveals a fundamental anatomical distinction found throughout the nervous system: