For images: Folio 5r, "The Birth of the Prophet," Jami' al-tawarikh, Edinburgh Or. MS 20.
The Edinburgh copy is the gold standard. The university has digitized the entire manuscript. jami 39- al-tawarikh pdf
Rashid al-Din was a physician-turned-statesman who recognized that the vast Mongol Empire, which stretched from China to Europe, required a new kind of history—one that was not limited to Islamic or Persian narratives. The result was an ambitious project: a history of the entire known world. For images: Folio 5r, "The Birth of the
In the pages of this compendium, Genghis Khan sits on a golden throne. Chinese emperors offer tribute. Moses parts the Red Sea—all painted with a brush steeped in Persian and Chinese traditions. The PDF brings this lost world back to life. The university has digitized the entire manuscript
When users search for , they are typically looking for a specific segment of this massive encyclopedia. The numbering of volumes often varies depending on the edition (e.g., the Karl Jahn edition, the Rouhani edition, or the modern Iranian prints).
This is the core of your search. Please note: Because the original manuscripts are pre-1700 and owned by major libraries, they are technically in the public domain (though digital reproduction rights may vary). Here are the best ways to legally and freely access a :
in the early 14th century, is famously regarded as the "first world history". Commissioned by the Mongol Ilkhanid rulers Ghazan Khan and Öljaitü, it was an unprecedented project that sought to document the history of the entire known world—including the Mongols, Chinese, Franks, Jews, and Indians—within a single, unified narrative. Content and Structure