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While often used interchangeably, these terms represent different philosophical approaches to how animals should be treated. Animal Welfare: The Pragmatic Approach

Internationally, organizations such as the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations have developed guidelines and standards for animal welfare. The European Union has implemented comprehensive animal welfare legislation, including the EU Animal Welfare Directive. At its core, is a scientific and pragmatic standard

At its core, is a scientific and pragmatic standard. It concerns the quality of life of an animal as it lives under human control. The central question of animal welfare is not whether humans should use animals, but how we should use them. The concept of rights, as articulated by philosophers

The concept of rights, as articulated by philosophers such as Tom Regan and Gary Francione, posits that animals have inherent rights to live free from exploitation and cruelty. This perspective argues that animals have inherent value, deserving of respect and protection. The concept of rights

Animal rights is a philosophical and legal movement. asserts that animals are not property. They are sentient beings with inherent value—what philosopher Tom Regan called "subjects-of-a-life"—and possess basic moral rights, most notably the right not to be used as a resource.

Bentham laid the groundwork for welfare . The 19th century saw the first animal welfare laws (the UK's Cruel Treatment of Cattle Act of 1822). The (Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) was founded in 1824.

Today, animal welfare and rights encompass a wide range of concerns, including: