Section G: Hybrids offered a "balance" without the low range of pure electrics. 2. Matching Information (Sample) The goal of the California Air Resources Board (CARB): To move toward zero-emissions vehicles. Reason for poor initial hybrid sales:
Why hybrid vehicles (combining gasoline and electric powertrains) became a successful "middle ground" for consumers. Market Shifts:
: While electric vehicles (EVs) are cleaner than gasoline cars, their total environmental impact depends on how the electricity they use is generated (e.g., thermal plants still cause pollution). environmentally friendly vehicles ielts reading answers
: Hybrid and electric car interest surged during the 2000s energy crisis as oil price fluctuations made consumers seek fuel-efficient alternatives.
– Explanation: Part C: "refueling time (three to five minutes, comparable to gasoline)." Section G: Hybrids offered a "balance" without the
Government intervention has proven decisive. Norway, for example, achieved over 80% of new car sales as electric in 2023 through a combination of tax exemptions, toll waivers, and bus lane access. Conversely, the adoption of in developing nations lags due to high upfront costs and unreliable grid infrastructure. Consumer behavior studies reveal a phenomenon known as “range anxiety”—the fear that an EV will run out of charge before reaching a destination. Interestingly, surveys show that 78% of daily commutes are under 40 miles, well within the range of most modern EVs (200-300 miles), indicating that psychological barriers often outweigh technical ones.
Automakers misled and suppressed the real demand for electric cars. NO Reason for poor initial hybrid sales: Why hybrid
The mechanism that transmits power from the engine to the axle in a vehicle. Pandering:
These questions test your ability to distinguish between what the author explicitly states versus what is commonly known or implied. For instance, while electric cars are clean, the passage may state they still "pollute" if the electricity comes from thermal plants.
The IELTS Academic Reading passage titled (often appearing in various practice tests and Mock Test versions) explores the evolution, challenges, and shifting market demand for green transportation. For students, mastering this topic is essential as it frequently appears in Passage 3, requiring a deep understanding of complex arguments and historical context. Summary of the "Environmentally Friendly! Vehicles" Passage