However, over time, the nature of public service has undergone significant changes. The post-New Public Management (NPM) reforms of the 1980s and 1990s led to a shift towards more managerial and entrepreneurial approaches to public administration. This transformation emphasized the importance of efficiency, effectiveness, and customer satisfaction in public service delivery. As a result, public servants are now expected to perform a wide range of roles, from policy-making and program implementation to service delivery and community engagement.
The relationship between governments, citizens, and public servants has undergone significant transformations over the years. Traditionally, public servants were seen as civil servants, working in the best interests of the state and its citizens. However, with the rise of new public management and the increasing complexity of governance, the lines between civil service, public service, and private sector roles have become increasingly blurred. neither civil nor servant pdf free download
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Secondly, it highlights the need for a more flexible and adaptive approach to governance. This includes the need for more participatory and collaborative governance models that can respond to the complex needs of citizens and other stakeholders.
