Missing Samsung drivers or using a charge-only cable. Fix: Install Samsung_USB_Driver_for_Mobile_Phones.exe and try a different USB port (USB 2.0 preferred).
| Tool | Price | Latest Samsung Support | Ease of Use | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | Free | Up to Android 10 | Moderate | | SamFW FRP Tool | Free | Android 14 (One UI 6.1) | Easy | | Z3X Samsung Tool | $150+ (Box) | Android 14 (All patches) | Professional | | Odin (Manual) | Free | All versions (requires technical skill) | Hard |