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As we move forward, the synergy between animal behavior and veterinary science will continue to strengthen the . When we understand how animals think and feel, we provide them with a higher standard of care that addresses the whole patient—mind and body.

Chronic behavioral states directly cause organic disease. As we move forward, the synergy between animal

The activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis results in the release of cortisol and catecholamines (adrenaline). While essential for short-term survival ("fight or flight"), chronic activation of this system is physically destructive. A cat presenting with “unprovoked aggression” toward its

Cats are masters of camouflage, specifically when it comes to pain. A cat presenting with “unprovoked aggression” toward its owner—hissing, swatting, or biting during petting—is often dismissed as temperamental. However, veterinary science identifies this as . Dental disease (tooth resorption) or osteoarthritis causes hypersensitivity. The cat isn't angry; it is trying to stop the physical agony of being touched. The cat isn't angry

Scientists generally categorize behaviors into two groups: (instinctual) and learned (acquired through experience). Animal and Veterinary Sciences | The University of Vermont