Before diving into the commands, let’s address the "why." The standard vs_community.exe , vs_professional.exe , or vs_enterprise.exe you download from Microsoft is a tiny (roughly 1-2 MB) web bootstrapper. It downloads components on the fly. This is problematic for several scenarios:

vs_community.exe --export C:\export.json

Save this file to a dedicated directory on a machine that does have internet access (e.g., C:\VS2019_Layout or your IT file server).

Note: Microsoft officially removed direct ISO downloads for VS 2019 after a certain point, pushing users toward the command-line layout method described below.

Use the cd (change directory) command to navigate to the folder where you downloaded the bootstrapper file (e.g., your Downloads folder).